The Introductory Verse
Taniyan (Tamil: 'the single [introductory] verse') is a short Sanskrit or Tamil verse composed in praise of the Āzhvār or Ācārya whose work follows. Traditionally, before reciting any prabandham, the taniyan(s) are recited first — honoring the author as the conduit through whom Bhagavān's grace flows.
Historical Development
The taniyans for the Divya Prabandham were composed by early Ācāryas — Nāthamunigaḷ, Āḷavandār, and Rāmānuja composed taniyans for the major prabandhas. The taniyan for Tiruvāymozhi ('Mikkavai'), attributed to Nāthamunigaḷ, is perhaps the most recited taniyan in the tradition.
Theological Role
Reciting the taniyan before the prabandham is both an act of reverence for the Āzhvār and a preparation of the mind — it orients the reciter toward the specific grace and vision of that Āzhvār before entering the verses themselves. The taniyan thus functions as a liturgical threshold.