The Three Divine Postures
Tirukkolam (Tamil: tiru = sacred + kolam = form/posture) refers to the postures in which Bhagavān is worshipped in the temple. The three principal postures are:
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Kidantha Tirukkolam (Śayanam) — the reclining posture: Bhagavān lies on Ādiśeṣa, representing the state of cosmic creation (sṛṣṭi) or of absolute ease and sovereignty. Śrī Raṅgam's Raṅganātha is the pre-eminent Śayana deity.
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Nindra Tirukkolam (Sthānaka) — the standing posture: Bhagavān stands, actively extending His grace to devotees. Tirumalai Veṅkaṭeśvara is the supreme standing deity.
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Vīṟṟirunta Tirukkolam (Āsana) — the seated posture: Bhagavān sits in royal composure, representing steady sovereignty. Kāñcīpuram Varadarāja is the pre-eminent seated deity.
Theological Meaning
Each posture reveals a different aspect of Bhagavān's sovereignty and grace. The reclined form represents the Lord's absolute ease — He is never worried, never effortful; creation flows from Him effortlessly. The standing form shows His readiness to act for devotees. The seated form shows His stable, majestic authority.