Grantham

Perumāḷ Tirumozhi

பெருமாள் திருமொழி

Also known as: Perumāḷ Tirumozhi, Perumal Tirumoli

Meaning

Perumāḷ Tirumozhi is the prabandham of Kulaśēkara Āzhvār, consisting of 105 pāsurams that express deep devotion to Bhagavān primarily through viraha (longing born of separation) and dāsya-bhāva (the stance of a devoted servant). It is celebrated for the Āzhvār's intense identification with figures from the Rāmāyaṇa as a vehicle for expressing his own love for Bhagavān.

Detailed Explanation

Perumāḷ Tirumozhi is the contribution of Kulaśēkara Āzhvār to the Nālāyira Divya Prabandham, comprising 105 pāsurams in the koccakakkalippa meter and related forms. Kulaśēkara Āzhvār was, according to tradition, a king of Kerala (associated with Koḍungaḷūr / Tiruvañcikkaḷam) who renounced his royal life to become an Āzhvār immersed in the devotion of Bhagavān. His prabandham's name — 'The Sacred Words of the Lord (Perumāḷ)' — reflects both his royal background and his complete identification of his voice with devotion to Bhagavān.

The Perumāḷ Tirumozhi is particularly notable for several distinctive modes of expression. In one section, the Āzhvār assumes the voice of characters from the Rāmāyaṇa — including Kausalyā (Rāma's mother), Daśaratha, and others — giving expression to their grief, longing, and love for Rāma in a form of theological identification known as 'parakāya praveśa' (entering another's body). The āchāryas read this as more than literary technique: the Āzhvār's immersion in Bhagavān's forms and stories was so complete that he could authentically give voice to the experiences of those who were closest to Bhagavān's avatāra manifestations. The famous verse in which Kulaśēkara describes the wish of Kausalyā, longing to be near her son Rāma even as a small fish in the water of His washbasin, has been cherished for centuries as one of the most touching expressions of dāsya-bhāva in all of Vaiṣṇava literature.

Another famous section of the Perumāḷ Tirumozhi expresses the Āzhvār's viraha — his own intense longing to be always near Bhagavān — in a series of declarations that he would rather be the lowest creature in the abode of Bhagavān than exist in greatness elsewhere. The theological principle encoded here is that proximity to Bhagavān (bhagavat-sannidhāna) is the highest value, outweighing all worldly rank, comfort, or achievement. This principle is at the heart of the Śrī Vaiṣṇava understanding of kaiṅkarya: the servant's joy is precisely in the nearness and service, not in any reward separate from Bhagavān's presence. The Perumāḷ Tirumozhi is recited in Śrī Vaiṣṇava temples as part of the Divya Prabandham sequence and is given particular prominence in festivals celebrating Rāma at Divya Desams associated with the Āzhvār.

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