Even when Kṛṣṇa is by their side, the Gopis say that He has gone already to the grazing meadow. What is even worse, they fancy that He has teen away from them for a whole day and it is evening already, with its characteristic environments. In their exuberance of love, they find what actually is the early morn, transposed into the evening with the chill breeze, laden with
In the devotional sequence of the tenth decade and third chapter, this fifth pāsuram unfolds as a poignant dialogue. The previous verses have established the profound distress of Parāṅguśa Nāyaki, who is none other than Nammāzhvār in the feminine mood of a beloved. Seeing her profound anguish, Emperumān mercifully appears before her and enquires, “Why do you torment