(i) ‘Puṇya’, giving rise to happiness and ‘Pāpa’ leading to misery, the corresponding pleasure of enjoying the coveted things and pain of privation from them, are directed and regulated by the Supreme Lord.
(ii) Again, remembrance and forgetfulness, the truth revealing His existence and the falsehood denying it, are also controlled by him, as the Internal Controller
In this fourth pāśuram of the chapter, Śrī Nammāzhvār reveals a profound truth concerning the nature of the Supreme Lord and His relationship with the created world. The Āzhvār declares that all of the Lord's magnificent wealth and divine forms, which appear to us as the dualities of puṇyam (virtue) and pāpam (vice), were in fact created solely due to His divine