The aliens are those who do not admit the authority of the Vedas and the Śāstras expounding them. The six systems of such aliens are: ‘Śākhya’ (Buddhists), ‘Ulukya [Ulūkya?]’ (Cārvākas), ‘Kṣapaṇa’ (Jains), ‘Akṣapāda’ (Naiyāyikas), ‘Kapila’ and ‘Patañjali’. And then, there are those perverts or heretics who admit the authority of the Vedas but not in their entirety. They
In the ninth pāsuram of this chapter, Śrī Nammāzhvār delivers a profound and compassionate instruction for all souls seeking ultimate upliftment. The great ācāryas reveal that the Āzhvār, in his infinite mercy, simplifies the path to salvation. He declares that one need not strain to comprehend the lofty, immeasurable nature of the Supreme Lord directly; rather, it